General Science
Signalling Pathways in Glioma-Propagating Cells
TGlioblastomas (GBMs) are highly aggressive and malignant brain tumors and have poor prognosis despite advanced surgical resections accompanied by chemo-radiation interventions.Current therapeutic advances remain essentially palliative, with modest amelioration in clinical response, due largely to the acquired resistance of GBM cells to conventional chemoradiation therapies. The cellular and molecular heterogeneity of GBMs highlights a complex interplay of individual mechanisms that contribute to varied patient treatment response.
Keywords: Cancer stem cell; Glioma; Glioma-propagating cell; Brain tumor
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Pump-assisted beating-heart coronary arteries bypass grafting: Application and advantages
The techniques utilized to accomplish Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) include the traditional use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with aortic cross-clamping and cardioplegic arrest to totally Off-Pump (i.e. OP-CAB) without CPB. The purpose of this report is to describe a hybrid approach—Pump-Assisted Direct CABG (PAD-CAB)– with the aid of CPB without aortic cross-clamping and cardioplegic arrest. Methods: Between November 2003 and December 2016, 317 PAD-CAB procedures were performed by the author/surgeon. The PAD-CAB procedures were achieved with standard CPB via sternotomy under normothermic conditions with the mean arterial pressures (MAP) kept between 60 and 80 mmHg. Outcome measures included hospital mortality and specific major adverse events (MAE) benchmarked against the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) database. The number of bypass grafts, status of the case, specific patient factors, and postoperative length of stay (LOS) were also assessed. Results: There were 238 male (75%) and 79 (25%) female patients. The mean age was 67 years (range: 38 to 92 years). The mean ejection fraction (EF) was 50% (range: 0 to 75%) with 66 cases (21%) having an EF< 40%. Two hundred seventy-seven cases (87.4%) were non-emergent with forty cases (12.6%) classified as emergent/salvage. The average of number of bypass grafts was 3.24 (range: 1 to 5). The postoperative LOS averaged 7.5 days with a median of 6 days. There were two hospital deaths (0.65%). Major Adverse Events were: 1 deep SWI (0.32%), 3 CVAs (0.95%), and 5 POBs (1.58%). Conclusions: PAD-CAB is a safe and effective operation with outcomes that are equivalent or superior to the outcomes reported in the STS registry for CABG. The PAD-CAB technique takes advantage of the circulatory stability achieved with CPB assistance and eliminates the potential risks associated with aortic cross-clamping and cardioplegic arrest.
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Cancer stem cells destroyed by drug-filled nanoparticles
Stem cells are a remarkable group of undifferentiated cells that are capable of specializing into other types of cell. They are different from other cells in that they can renew themselves by dividing, even if they have been inactive for a long time. A team of scientists has developed drug-carrying nanoparticles that can find and kill cancer stem cells, a tiny group of rare cells that can hide in tissue and cause cancer to return years after tumors have been treated.
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Multisite Pacing in Intact Myocardium and after Acute Myocardial Infarction: Experimental Study
Background: Left ventricular (LV) pacing is unsuccessful in a significant number of patients, mainly due to sub-optimal LV pacing location. Nevertheless, data about the impact of different pacing sites on LV function in intact and ischemic myocardium are scarce.
Objectives: To investigate the effect of combinations of alternative LV pacing sites on LV mechanics, in the intact myocardium and after experimental acute anterior myocardial infarction (AMI), in order to define the optimal configuration.
Methods: Atrioventricular epicardial pacing at alternative pacing sites was performed in 16 healthy pigs simultaneously, before and after AMI. Hemodynamic parameters together with classic and novel echocardiographic indices were used to evaluate the effect of each pacing combination. Speckle tracking technique using Echo PAC software was used.
Results: In intact myocardium, most LV performance variables measured, including deformation parameters were adversely affected during pacing (in all combinations, all variables p<0.05). After AMI the pacing combination of LV apex lateral wall and LV basal posterior wall had the most favourable effect on LV function, leading to similar hemodynamic and torsional effects with sinus rhythm (all variables p>0.05).
Conclusions: In intact myocardium, LV function is depressed in comparison to sinus rhythm, in every combination of pacing sites studied. However, during AMI the combination of pacing LV apex lateral wall and LV basal posterior wall managed to maintain the LV function at a level comparable to the sinus rhythm.
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Influence of Toxic Chemicals on Female Reproduction: A Review
The female reproductive system is very complex and co-ordinated system that works well in the presence of hormonal and other signaling factors. Female reproduction is necessary for growth and maintenance of population. There has been a gradual increase in production and consumption of pesticides in agriculture to meet the population rising demands.
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Significant Iatrogenic High Flow AV-Communication after MitraClip Treated with Endovascular Covered Stent
The percutaneous mitral valve repair therapy (MitraClip) constitutes an alternative for high peri- operative risk patients with severe symptomatic mitral regurgitation. Various complications, especially access -related have been described post mitraclip procedure as iatrogenic femoral arteriovenous fistulas with an incidence approximately of 0.1-1.5% following cardiac catheterization. We report a case of a 84-year-old male with a high flow AVcommunication at the puncture site after mitral clip procedure accompanied with decompensated heart failure symptoms and NTproBNP increase treated with endovascular covered stent.
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Investigation of Serum oxLDL, anti-oxLDL Antibody, MMP-9 and hsCRP Levels in Patients with Angiographically Defined Ruptured of Coronary Plaques
When the coronary atherosclerotic plaque becomes vulnerable, it easily ruptures with subsequent thrombus formation, leading to acute myocardial infarction. Prior studies indicate that oxLDL, antioxLDL antibody, MMP-9, hsCRP play a key role in pathogenesis of plaque rupture. To study the involvement of oxLDL, anti-oxLDL antibody, MMP-9 and hsCRP in the pathogenesis of unstable coronary plaque.
The serum oxLDL, anti-oxLDL antibody, MMP-9 and hsCRP are significantly involved in the unstable coronary plaque.
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Significant Improvement in Ejection Fraction and Functional Class after Two Years of Cells Transplantation
To mitigate the Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy in the world, about 16,000 transplants of autologous stem cell allogeneic and 29000 are performed. In Brazil, the transplantation of autologous bone marrow stems cells increased by about the 1000 per year. The aim of this study was to identify short-term results by intracoronary infusion of autologous mononuclear layer cells from bone marrow by SEPAX in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy to examine improvement in Functional Class and Ventricular Ejection Fraction. In the methodology, of the 15 patients with a mean age of 59 years, nine were male and six were carriers of resynchronization. Thus, access to the infusion of stem cells from mononuclear layer was the femoral artery and the coronary arteries were selected angioplasty guide catheters. In flow rate of 1.0 mL per minute, were infused 10.0 mL of cell solution in AD, 2.0 mL in LxC and 8.0 mL in RCA when it was dominant, and in cases of left dominance, was infused 8.0 mL in LxC and 2.0 mL in RCA. As a result, of the 15 patients before treatment, 10 had Functional Class IV and Functional Class III and five demonstrated after treatment, 1 patient was in class I, 11 patients were in Functional Class II and 3 patients were in Functional Class III. Have Ventricular Ejection Fraction before treatment averaged 23.6% and post – treatment average was 36.27%.
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Correlation of Pericoronary Epicardial Adipose Tissue with Coronary Artery Calcification, and Coronary Atherosclerosis in Egyptian Post-Menopausal Women
The study enrolled 100 post-menopausal women with suspected coronary artery disease. The amount of EAT surrounding the left main and three main coronary arteries was quantified in axial cuts with the most distinct layer of EAT.
The amount of calcium in the coronary arteries was quantified with multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) using dedicated software for calcium scoring that is based on the Agatston score. Coronary artery disease severity was assessed in terms of number
of vessels affected and severity of coronary stenosis by multiplanner reformation (MPR) technique.
Results: Sixty patients had proven coronary artery disease (CAD) of varying severity (Group I), whereas forty patients showed normal coronaries (Group II). The mean ± SD (in millimeters) epicardial adipose tissue thickness (EAT) for the entire study cohort in various coronary artery locations were as follows: Left Main (LM-EAT) 12.95 ± 7.86 mm, Left Anterior Descending (LAD-EAT) 8.2 ± 2.3 mm, Left Circumflex (LCX-EAT) 7.4 ± 2; and Right Coronary Artery (RCAEAT) 8.5 ± 1.9. Statistically significant differences were observed between groups I and II with regards to LM-EAT: LAD-EAT; LCXEAT; and RCA-EAT (15.7 ± 8.5 versus 9.11 ± 1.72, p=0.006; 9.1 ± 2 versus 6.88 ± 1.98, p=0.001; 8.27 ± 1.72 versus 6.19 ± 1.79, p=0.004; and 9.23 ± 1.65 versus 7.5 ± 1.9, p=0.005; respectively).
The present study demonstrated a significant correlation between peri-coronary epicardial adipose tissue and coronary artery calcification and atherosclerosis.
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Low Frequency Neuromuscular Stimulation Effect on Ergoreflex Activity in Advanced Heart Failure
Heart failure is a syndrome characterized by cardiac dysfunction with either left ventricular dilation or hypertrophy causing cardinal manifestations of dyspnea, fatigue and exercise intolerance. Statistical significant alteration of ergo reflex contribution associated with decreased disability without any statistically significant changes in ejection fraction. The percentages of changes in minute ventilation (VE) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2 ) and maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 ) were 37.83%, -36.38% and 25.46% respectively. These changes were associated with improved functional, emotional and psychological status of the patients with a decline of Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire score by -29.87%.
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